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Texas: calls it an "informal marriage," rather than a common-law marriage. Under § 2.401 of the Texas Family Code, an informal marriage can be established either by declaration (registering at the county courthouse without having a ceremony), or by meeting a three-prong test showing evidence of (1) an agreement to be married; (2) cohabitation in Texas; and (3) representation to others that the parties are married. A 1995 update adds an evidentiary presumption that there was no marriage if no suit for proof of marriage is filed within two years of the date the parties separated and ceased living together.
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Currently, only nine states (Alabama, Colorado, Kansas, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Iowa, Montana, Oklahoma and Texas) and the District of Columbia recognize common-law marriages. In addition, five states have "grandfathered" common-law marriage (Georgia, Idaho, Ohio, Oklahoma and Pennsylvania) allowing those established before a certain date to be recognized. New Hampshire recognizes common-law marriage for purposes of probate only, and Utah recognizes common-law marriages only if they have been validated by a court or administrative order.
Alabama
Colorado
District of Columbia
Georgia
Idaho
Iowa (Iowa Code Ann. §. 595.11)
Kansas
Montana (Mont. Code Ann. § 26-1-602, 40-1-403)
New Hampshire
Ohio
Oklahoma (Okla. Stat. Ann. tit. 43, § 1)
Pennsylvania (23 Penn. Cons. Stat. § 1103)
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Texas (Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 2.401)
Utah (Utah Code Ann.§ 30-1-4.5)
Source: http://www.ncsl.org/issues-research/human-services/common-law-marriage.aspx