You know how you are kind and reassuring when he gets like this? The result is that you're reinforcing his behaviour. He acts badly and then gets positive results from it.
Have you told him how much his actions are hurting you?
My advice is much the same as Solarion's. You don't deserve to be treated like this so you must make it clear that you will no longer engage when he does it. Tell him upfront that if he does the jealous thing, you'll walk out/ignore the phone until he pulls himself together and apologises. When he starts getting negative outcomes from his behaviour, he'll likely stop very quickly.
Never regret anything that has happened in your life. It cannot be changed, forgotten or undone. So, take it as a lesson learned and move on.